Baghdad experiences a hot desert climate with scorching summers and mild winters, defined by extreme temperature swings between seasons.

Rainfall is minimal and concentrated between November and April, meaning waterproof gear is rarely necessary but worth having during the brief winter rainy spells.

Summer temperatures routinely exceed 44°C (111°F), while winter nights can drop to near freezing, creating a temperature range of over 50°C across the year.

The shamal winds bring dust storms particularly in summer, reducing visibility and coating everything in fine particles.

A light scarf serves double duty here: sun protection in summer and a barrier against the relentless dust that penetrates pockets and bags alike.