Kathmandu sits at 1,400 meters in a valley surrounded by the Himalayas, giving it a subtropical highland climate that's far cooler than its latitude suggests.

The monsoon dominates from June through September, bringing heavy afternoon downpours that turn the city's streets into obstacle courses requiring serious waterproofing.

Winter temperatures can drop to near freezing at night while summer days reach the high 20s Celsius, creating a 30-degree annual range that demands wardrobe versatility.

Humidity spikes during monsoon season but the rest of the year remains relatively dry, with occasional dust from unpaved roads making sunglasses and scarves unexpectedly practical.

The altitude means UV radiation is stronger than you'd expect at this latitude, so sun protection matters even on overcast days.