Vatican City experiences a Mediterranean climate with hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters typical of central Italy.

Most rainfall occurs between October and December, making waterproof layers essential for autumn and winter visits.

Summer temperatures regularly exceed 30°C (86°F), while winter lows hover around 3-8°C (37-46°F), though snow is rare.

Humidity peaks in summer, particularly in July and August, when the lack of breeze in the enclosed courtyards intensifies the heat.

Dress codes for St. Peter's Basilica require covered shoulders and knees year-round, so pack accordingly even in sweltering summer heat.